| HPO |
HP:0001807 |
Ridged nail |
"Longitudinal, linear prominences in the nail plate." [PMID:19125433] |
There may be only one, or several ridges. The affected digits should be specified. |
HP:0002164 |
| HPO |
HP:0001808 |
Fragile nails |
"Nails that easily break." [HPO:probinson] |
— |
HP:0001597 |
| HPO |
HP:0001809 |
Split nail |
"A nail plate that has a longitudinal separation and the two sections of the nail share the same lateral radius of curvature." [PMID:19125433] |
This is distinct from Fused nail, where the two parts of the nail have a separate radius of curvature. The affected digits should be specified as described in the introductory comments. |
HP:0002164 |
| HPO |
HP:0001810 |
Dystrophic toenail |
"Toenail changes apart from changes of the color of the toenail (nail dyschromia) that involve partial or complete disruption of the various keratinous layers of the nail plate." [HPO:probinson] |
— |
HP:0008388, HP:0008404 |
| HPO |
HP:0001812 |
Hyperconvex fingernails |
"When viewed on end (with the finger tip pointing toward the examiner's eye) the curve of the fingernail forms a tighter curve of convexity." [HPO:probinson, PMID:19125433] |
— |
HP:0001795 |
| HPO |
HP:0001814 |
Deep-set nails |
"Deeply placed nails." [HPO:probinson] |
— |
HP:0002164 |
| HPO |
HP:0001816 |
Thin nail |
"Nail that appears thin when viewed on end." [HPO:probinson, PMID:19125433] |
No objective standard for nail thickness could be identified. An unsupported claim suggests that nails are 0.5 mm in females and 0.6 mm in males. Thin nails are usually brittle, may easily fray, or break at the free edge. Thin nails usually grow slowly but this definition does not require slow growth of the nail. Note that the term koilonychia is an abnormal shape of the fingernail where the nail has raised ridges and is thin and concave. Since it indicates also other characteristics than thin nails, it should not be used to indicate this. The affected digits should be specified. |
HP:0001597 |
| HPO |
HP:0001817 |
Absent fingernail |
"Absence of a fingernail." [HPO:probinson] |
— |
HP:0001798 |
| HPO |
HP:0001818 |
Paronychia |
"The nail disease paronychia is an often-tender bacterial or fungal hand infection or foot infection where the nail and skin meet at the side or the base of a finger or toenail. The infection can start suddenly (acute paronychia) or gradually (chronic paronychia)." [HPO:probinson] |
— |
HP:0100803 |
| HPO |
HP:0001820 |
Leukonychia |
"White discoloration of the nails." [HPO:probinson] |
— |
HP:0100643 |
| HPO |
HP:0001821 |
Broad nail |
"Increased width of nail." [HPO:probinson] |
— |
HP:0002164 |
| HPO |
HP:0001822 |
Hallux valgus |
"Lateral deviation of the great toe (i.e., in the direction of the little toe)." [HPO:curators] |
— |
HP:0010051 |
| HPO |
HP:0001824 |
Weight loss |
"Reduction of total body weight." [HPO:probinson] |
— |
HP:0004325 |
| HPO |
HP:0001827 |
Genital tract atresia |
"Congenital occlusion of a tube in the genital tract." [HPO:probinson] |
— |
HP:0012243 |
| HPO |
HP:0001829 |
Foot polydactyly |
"A kind of polydactyly characterized by the presence of a supernumerary toe or toes." [HPO:probinson] |
— |
HP:0001780, HP:0009136, HP:0010442 |
| HPO |
HP:0001830 |
Postaxial foot polydactyly |
"Polydactyly of the foot most commonly refers to the presence of six toes on one foot. Postaxial polydactyly affects the lateral ray and the duplication may range from a well-formed articulated digit to a rudimentary digit." [HPO:curators] |
The modifier postaxial means that the supernumerary digit is not a hallux. |
HP:0001829, HP:0010322, HP:0100259 |
| HPO |
HP:0001831 |
Short toe |
"A toe that appears disproportionately short compared to the foot." [HPO:probinson] |
This finding must be distinguished from digits that are of increased girth but of normal length and that of a long mid- and hind foot with normal digit lengths. The affected digits should be specified as described in the introductory comments. Note that we designate brachydactyly as a synonym, but this use of the term is distinct from the use of the same word in Bell's classification of brachdactyly. |
HP:0001991, HP:0011927 |
| HPO |
HP:0001832 |
Abnormal metatarsal morphology |
"Abnormalities of the metatarsal bones (i.e. of five tubular bones located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes)." [HPO:probinson] |
— |
HP:0001760, HP:0040069 |
| HPO |
HP:0001833 |
Long foot |
"Increased back to front length of the foot." [UHPO:probinson] |
— |
HP:0001760 |
| HPO |
HP:0001836 |
Camptodactyly of toe |
"Camptodactyly is a painless flexion contracture of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint that is usually gradually progressive. This term refers to camptodactyly of one or more toes." [HPO:probinson] |
— |
HP:0005830, HP:0012385 |
| HPO |
HP:0001837 |
Broad toe |
"Visible increase in width of the non-hallux digit without an increase in the dorso-ventral dimension." [PMID:19125433] |
Note that the girth may be increased in a broad toe, but this must be distinguished from Macrodactyly because in Macrodactyly the length is increased as well. The affected digit should be specified. Note that this assessment may be difficult when the toes are short. This term is not used for the first digit, see Broad hallux. If all five digits are broad, both terms should be used for that patient. |
HP:0001780 |
| HPO |
HP:0001838 |
Rocker bottom foot |
"The presence of both a prominent heel and a convex contour of the sole." [HPO:probinson, PMID:19125433] |
Congenital vertical talus is characterized by pes valgus, a rigid flatfoot deformity (as opposed to a flexible calcaneovalgus foot) caused by a malpositioned navicular bone at the neck of the talus; the ankle is in severe equinus and the forefoot in dorsiflexion, rocker bottom-like, accompanied by contraction of the talonavicular, deltoid and calcaneal cuboidal ligaments. The foot examination usually reveals a rigid foot with a "reversed" arch, a convex plantar surface, and a deep crease on the lateral dorsal side of the foot. The ankle joint is plantarflexed, while the midfoot and forefoot are extended upward. Lateral foot radiographs are helpful in confirming the diagnosis. |
HP:0008365 |
| HPO |
HP:0001839 |
Split foot |
"A condition in which middle parts of the foot (toes and metatarsals) are missing giving a cleft appearance. The severity is very variable ranging from slightly hypoplastic 3rd toe over absent 2nd or 3rd toes as far as oligo- or monodactyl feet." [HPO:sdoelken] |
— |
HP:0001760, HP:0100257 |
| HPO |
HP:0001840 |
Metatarsus adductus |
"The metatarsals are deviated medially (tibially), that is, the bones in the front half of the foot bend or turn in toward the body." [HPO:probinson, PMID:19125433] |
Metatarsus varus (adductus) is one of the most common foot deformities, that is defined as a transverse plane deformity in Lisfranc's (tarsometatarsal) joints in which the metatarsals are deviated medially. The relationship between talus and calcaneus is normal. On inspection the toes angle abruptly towards the midline, creating a C-shaped lateral foot border with a prominent styloid process of the 5th metatarsal. The result is that the forefoot is twisted inwards relative to the heel, so that the sole faces the midline. |
HP:0001832 |
| HPO |
HP:0001841 |
Preaxial foot polydactyly |
"Duplication of all or part of the first ray." [HPO:probinson, PMID:19125433] |
This term applies for a wide variety of partial and/or complete duplications of the phalanges of the big toe (sometimes including the 1st metatarsal). A partial duplication can present itself on x-rays as a notched phalanx, bifid phalanx or a broadened phalanx. Polydactyly affecting the big toe is called preaxial or hallucal polydactyly of the feet. |
HP:0001829, HP:0001844, HP:0100258 |